Tobler, Titus

Tobler, Titus a German writer known for his researches in Palestine, was born June 25, 1806, at Stein, in the canton of Appenzell, Switzerland. He studied at Zurich and Vienna, was promoted as doctor of medicine in Würzburg, and, after spending a time in Paris, returned in 1827 to his native place and settled there as a physician. In 1835-36 he traveled in Palestine for mere medical purposes (comp. Lustreise in Morgenland [Zurich, 1839,2 vols.]), but he soon became so interested in the topographico-geographical exploration of the Holy Land that he undertook a second journey in .1845. See his Bethlehem (St. Gall.'1849): —Plan von Jerusalem (1850): — Golgatha (1851) . —Die Siloahquelle und der Oelberg (1852):. — Denkblätter aus Jerusalem (1853, 2nd ed. 1856): —and especially Topographie, von Jerusalem u. seinen Umgebungen (Berlin, 1853-54, 2 vols.): —Beitrcag zür medicin. Topographie von Jerusalem (ibid. 1855). He undertook a third journey, and published as the results, Planographie von Jerusalem (Gotha, 1858): —Dritte Waniderung nach Palestina (ibid.'1859). In 1865 he went for the fourthtime, but on account of the cholera he soon returned arid published Nazareth inPaldstina, nebst Anhang der vierten Waniderung (Berlin, 1868). Besides these works, he published, De Locis Sanctis, quaeperambulavit Antonius Martyr c. an. 570 (St. Gall. 1863): —Teodoricus de Locis Sanctis (ibid. 1865): Bibliographia Geographica Palestina (Leips. 1867): —Dergrosse Streit der Lateiner mit den Griechen in Palestina, etc. (St. Gall. 1870): — Palestinae Descriptiones ex Sceculo IV, V, et VI (ibid. 1869): — Desciptiones Terrce Sanctae ex Sceculo VIII, IX, XII, et XV (Leips. 1874): — Bibliographia Geogr. Palestinae ab. Anno CCCXXXIII usque ad Annum M(Dresden, 1875). Tobler died Jan. 21, 1871, at Munich. The interesting life of this man will be found in Heim's Dr. Titus Tobler, der Palestina fahrer; Ein appenzellisches Lebensbild: Nach handschriftlichen Quellen bearbeitet (Zurich, 1879). (B. P.)