Hamburg
Hamburg a noted city of Germany. When the reformation was introduced there in 1529, the city adopted the Church constitution prepared by Bugenhagen. This Kirchenordnung provided that all nonLutherans should be excluded from the city and its territory. In 1567 members of the Anglican Church, in 1605 members of the Dutch Reformed Church, and in 1648, by the peace of Westphalia, Roman Catholics, were allowed to live in the city, but they could not become citizens, nor could they celebrate worship in public. These latter restrictions were removed by the new civil constitution of September 28, 1860. The Lutheran Church is governed by a synod consisting of fifty-three members, of whom sixteen are clergymen, thirty- five laymen, and two senators, and by an ecclesiastical council consisting of nine members, viz. four laymen, three ecclesiastics, and two senators. The ecclesiastical council has the executive power, and carries out the resolutions of the synod, which meets every five years. In the year 1877, Hamburg, with. a territory comprising an area of about eight square miles, had a population of 406,014, of which about eighty-nine per cent. were Lutherans, 13,796 were Jews, 7771 were Roman Catholics, and 5585 belonged to other evangelical denominations. See Plitt-Herzog, Real-
Encyclop. s.v.; Statistik des hamburgischesn Staates (Hamburg, 1878, part 6). (B.P.)
