Encolpium

(ἐγκόλπιον) is a portable reliquary, worn around the neck. Such ornaments are of the highest antiauity. Chrysostom speaks of particles of the true cross, encased in gold, being suspended from the neck. The pectoral cross (q.v.), worn by the bishops, was also called Encolpium. Such are first mentioned by Gregory the Great. He sent one to Theodelinda containing a fragment of the cross; it still exists at Monza, and is used by the provost of that ancient church when he officiates pontifically. Two amulets, given to this princess by the same pontiff for the use of her children, are preserved in the treasures of Monza. From Gregory we also learn that filings from St. Peter's chains were sometimes enclosed in golden keys. Gregory himself had sent one of these consecrated keys to Childebert, king of the Franks, to protect him from all evils. SEE RELIQUARY.