Emperor

Emperor (Lat. imperator, general), a title common (in its Latin form) to all governors who had paramount jurisdiction within a given province (Smith, Diet. of Class. Antiq. s.v. Imperium), but technically assumed as a praenomen first by Julius Caesar (Sueton. Jul. 76), as affecting supreme power, and historically attributed to his successors, the heads of the so- styled ROMAN EMPIRE SEE ROMAN EMPIRE (q.v.). They were also designated as CAESAR SEE CAESAR (q.v.). We are here chiefly concerned with them as they came in contact with the Christian religion in the character of persecutors or patrons. SEE PERSECUTION. (See Baldwin, Edicta vett. principum Roman. de Christianis, Hal. 1727 [also in Heineccii Jurispr. Romans 1:1374 sq.]; Crause, De Romanorum imperatoribus haereticis, viz. 1674; Hebenstreit, De primis Christianis imperatoribus, Jen. 1702; Heineccius, De ministris Caesarun Christianis, Hal. 1712; also Hirt, De imperatorun ante Constant. erga Christianos favore, Jen. 1758; Koepke, De statu Christianorum sub impp. Berol. 1828).

The following is a complete list of the Roman emperors, with their respective dates of accession. See each name of ecclesiastical interest in its alphabetical place.

B.C. A. D. A.D.

31. Augustus. 363. Jovian. 842. Michael III A.D). 867. Basil 1.

14. Tiberius. Western Empire. 886 Leo VI.

37. Caligula. 364. Valentinian I. 911. Constantine

41. Claudius I. 367. Gratian. VII.

54. Nero. 375. Valentinian II. 911. Alexander.

68. Galba. 392. Theodosius 1. 919. Romanus I.

69. Otho. 395. Honorius. 944. Constantine

69. Vitellius. 423. Theodosius II. VIII.

69. Vespasian. 425. Valentinian 944. Stephanus.

76. Titus. III. 959. Romanus II.

81. Domitian. 455. Petronius. 963. Nicephorus

96. Nerva. 455. Avitus. II

98. Trajan. 457. Majorian. 969. John I.

117. Hadrian. 461. Libius. 969. Basil II.

138. Antoninus. 467. Anthemius. 976. Constantine (161. 161. M. Aurelius. 472. Olybrius. IX.

161. Lucius Verus. 473. Glycerius. 1028. Romanus IV

180. Commodus. 474. Julius. 1034. Michael IV. 193. Pertinax. 475. Romulus. 1041. Michael V.

193. Julian. 1042. Zoe and The- 191. Niger. Eastern Empire. odora.

193. Severus. 364. Valens. 1042. Constantine

211. Caracalla. 378 Theodosius. X.

211. Geta. 395. Arcadius. 1054. Theodora.

217. Macrinus. 408. Theodosius II. 1056. Michael VI. 218. Elagabalus. 450. Marcian. 1057. Isaac I.

222. Alexander. 457. Leo I. 1053. Constantine

235. Maximin I. 474. Leo II. XI.

237. Gordian. 474. Zeno. 1067. Romanus IV. 237. Maximus. 491. Anastasia. 1071. Michael VII. 237. Balbinus. 518 Justin I. 1078. Nicephorus

238. Gordianian. 527. Justinian I. III.

244. Philip. 565. Justin II. 1081. Alexis I.

249. Decius. 578. Tiberius II. 1118. John II.

251. Gallun. 582. Mauricius. 1143. Manuel I.

252. Volusian. 602. Phocas. 1181. Alexis II.

253. AEmilian. 610. Heraclius I. 1183. Andronicus {253. Valerian. 641. Constantine or I.

260. Gallienus. Heraclius II. 1185. Isaac II.

268. Claudius II. 641. Heracleonas. 1195. Alexis III.

270. Quintillus. 641. Constans II. 1203. Alexis IV.

270. Aurelian. 668. Constantine 1204. Alexis V.

275. Tacitus. IV. Latin Emperor of

276. Florianus. 685. Justinian II. Constantinople.

277. Probus. 695. Leontius.

282. Carus. 698. Absimarus. 1204. Baldwin I.

282. Carinus. 704. Justinian III. 1206. Henry.

283. Numerianus. 711. Philippicus. 1217. Peter.

284. Diocletian. 713. Anastasius II. 1221. Robert.

286. Maximian. 716. Theodosius III. 1228. Baldwin II.

292. Constantius. 717. Leo III. Greek Emperors of 292. Galerius. 741. Constantine V Niccea.

{305. Valerius. [Artavasdes]. 1206. Theodorus I.

{305. Maximin II. 775. Leo IV. 1222. John III.

{306. Constantine. 780. Constantine VI. 1255. Theodorus

307. Licinius. 797. Irene. II

(337. Constantine, jun 802. Nicephorus. 1259. John IV.

811. Stauracius. 1260. Michael VIII.

337. Constantius. 811. Michael I.

(337. Constans. 813. Leo V. Greek Emperors of

361. Julian, apos. 820. Michael II. Constantinople.

829. Theophilus. 1261. Michael VIII. A.D. A.D A.D.

1283. Andronicus 1332. Andronicus 1384. Manuel II. II. III. 1425. John VII. 1294. Michael IX. {1341. John V. 1445. Constantine {1347. John VI. XIII.